Liquid-fuel burner



C. B.- BUIEWUIEW LIQUID FUEL BURNER Filed July 13, 1926 6 Sheets-Sheet 1 Um, 2,, mm. UU UU c. B. BUIERGIER LIQUID FUEL BURNER Filed July 13, 1926 6 Sheets-Sheet 2 Wm. 2,, W2%.

C. B. BUIEWGEW LIQUID FUEL BURNER Filed July 13, 1926 6 Sheets-Sheet 5 OVER-FLOW C. B. BUEIEW LIQUID FUEL BURNER Filed July 13; 1926 I 6. Sheets-Sheet 4 m. 2% Wm.

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cent the peripheral edge ot the burner, an a lower compartment having 0 enings corresponding to the openings ot t e upper compartment, tether with means permitting-tree circulation rot air through one compartment to cause a suction in the other compartment;

all as more fully hereinafter described and as claimed.

The present burner is particularly adapted for household use and, in detail, comprises a base membenlan intermediate member ot general conical tormation whlch overlies the base member and which is spaced therefrom by means at a series ot curved vanes depending from either the Intermediate member or erected on the base member and a hood out domed Formation, either with or without one or more plates in spaced relation to the inter ior thereof, enclosing the intermediate member and defining a space so that the assembled structure is divided into upper and lower compart- .rnents. Central openings areprovided in the dll base and intermediate members to permit ot an updraft oil air through the grate bars 01 the turnam in which the burner'is lotz'ated, and communicating openings are provided in the periphery ot the burner tor causing'an intimate mixture o-t air from the lower chamber with oil and air trom the upper chamber. An upright teed pipe is provided for the introduction of oil into the upper chamber, this pipe terminating in a distributor cap, the peripheral face of which is formed with vertical grooves communicatingwith radial grooves dii tormed in its upper lace and diverging trom the upper end of theoil teed pipe, whereby the oil flowing from the supply pipewill be Evenly distributed over the intermediate mem- Among the objects of the present invention is theprovision oi a simple, easily assembled and iner eusive burner and improvements in the detai s thereol" for causing efifieient operation and for protecting the difi'erent parts. A specific object is the provisionot an oil distributor which is constructed to etlect a uniform distribution oi the Fuel oil through the provision ot a plurality of small sized radial grooves formed in the distributor. Another specific object is the provision ot means't'or the protect onot the distributor, consisting of one or. more shields or hoods. A further oh- Jiect ot the invention is to provide means tor evenly distributing oil to theopenings tor the purpose ot effecting unitorm operation.

In the accompanying drawings: Figure 1 is a side view ot the present invention' partly in section;

Flgure 2 is a sectional view taken along line 2-2 of Figure '1, part of the section being brolren away to show the overlying tuel openlngs; A Figure 3 is a top plan view of the distributor showing the positioning of the radial grooves therein;

Figure ll is a side view ot the distributor;

Figure 5 is a top view of the plug which is screwthreaded into the distributor;

Figure 61 is a side view Oil the plug shown in Figure 5; Figure 7 is side view, partly in section, of another term ot my invention in assembled position within a furnace;

Figure 8 is a side view of a modified torm ot distributor Figure 9 is a top plan view of the burner shown in Figure it, partly brolren away;

Figure 10 is a vertical sectiomtaken along the line 1010 ct Figure 9;

till

Figure 11 is a section, taken along the line rests upon the distributor, and in which means is provided for directing the current 0t air passing into the upper compartment;

Figure it is a detail view, partly in section,

ot a modified torm of base support for the burner wherebyit may be positioned within a furnace.

Reterring to the drawings: r

The circular base 1 ot the burner comprising the present invention is open at both lllil ends. Thisilbase member is adapted to rest on c the grate 2 oil any suitable'type oi. furnace commonly used in houses. That portion ot" the grate not covered by the base member is packed with fire-brick 3].. e base member litlti i is preferably circular or of ring shape, and is vanes all being directed at a suitable angle to the periphery of the burner so that the projection of discharge of air between adjacent vanes makes an angle of less than 45 with a tangent to the periphery of the burner at the point of discharge. These vanes serve to give the air passing through the lower compartment 7 a swirling motion, thereby producing a more uniform flame and increasing the efiiciency of the burner. The intermediate memher 5 is provided with a central opening 8 and an annular flange 9 which is upturned and adapted to cooperate with the downwardly extending flange 10 of a domed hood 11. In the trough formed by the upturned flange 9 and the body portion of member 5 a series of small downwardly directed holes 22 is formed, such holes opening into the air passage in the lower chamber 7 defined by the vanes 6.

A vertical oil pipe 12 extends upwardly from beneath the grate of the furnace, through the lower compartment 7 and into the upper chamber 13, formed by member 5'and hood 11. Mounted upon the end of pipe 12 is a distributor 14 comprising a body portion and an annular downwardly extending flange 15, the said flange being interiorly screwthreaded as indicated at 16. Radial grooves 17 are formed in the face or upper surface of the distributor 14, originating from the opening for the pipe 12 and increasing in depth from this point to the outer edge of the distributor face. Vertical grooves 18 are formed in the peripheral edge of the distributor 14 and communicate with the radial grooves 17, decreasing in depth from the point of communication to the lower edge of flange 15.

A plug 19, shown in detail in Figure 6, which is inserted under the cap, is externally screwthreaded as at 20, the screw threads being adapted for cooperation with threads 16 of the distributorv cap. Spaced lugs 21 are formed integrally with the lower face of plug 19, these lugs acting to space the distributor cap from the shoulder formed by opening 8 in member 5, thereby permitting a circulation of air up through the grate 2, opening 8, upper chamber 13, and out through the small openings 22.

An overflow pipe 23 extends into the trough formed by flange 24 of the base member 1, and is designed to carry 01f excess oil in case the flame of the burner is accidentally extinguished and the burner flooded.

In the form of invention shown in Figures 7 to 11, inclusive, of the drawin the trough 25 of the base member is provi ed with guard menses 26, which may be integral or detachable for cleaning purposes, overlying the connection of the overflow pipe with trough 25. The overflow pipe preferably leads to an oil supply control means, such as for instance that shown in my copending application, Serial 'No. 739,368, filed September 23, 1924. The base member is mounted upon the grate bars of the furnace by nuts and bolts 26 and ears 27, that part of the grate which is not occupied by the burner being sealed with lirebriclr or tile 29. Instead of forming the base 30 with ears 2'? and fastening the burner in position by bolts 26, the base may be provided with a plurality of downwardly extending screwthreaded rods 66, as shown in Figure 14 which are tapped into the screwthreaded holes 67 of the base and preferably held in position by means of nuts and washers. Feet 68 are axially bored and threaded to receive the ends of rods 66, and are tapered at their lower ends to engage the support upon which the burner is positioned. Axially extending "rejections 69 are formed integrally with the ody portions of the feet, as shown in the drawing. In order to operate eliiciently the burner comprising the present invention should rest in a level position. The modified form of adjustable support shown in Figure 14 permits of accurate adjustment so that the burner may be positioned to give most eiiicient service in operation.

The base member 30 of the burner is in the form of an upwardly extending collar, the wall of whi ch converges to form a circular opening andwhich terminates in an outwardly turned and downwardly inclined lip or flange 31 as in the form of invention hereinbefore described.

The intermediate member 32, of frustoconical shape, has integrally formed wings or vanes 33 depending from its under surface, the heel portions 34 of such vanes being of considerable length to extend within the constricted opening in the base member of the burner and to thereby support the intermediate member against the base. The upper face of the intermediate member is formed adjacent its peripheral edge with an undulatory upper surface, and a plurality of openings 35, each of which communicates with a depression in said undulatory surface, extend downwardly to over lie the openings between adjacent vanes 33 and communicate therewith.

As in the form of invention before described, the intermediate member 32 is formed with a central opening 36, the upper termination of such opening being bevelled as at 37 to provide a seat for the distributor 38. The distributor, in this instance, is formed as a unitary structure and it consists of a circular body advantageously of brass or the like, having a vertically extending opening passformed with a hub portion 39' ion shifting relative to Y neeueaaing vertical groove 42 termed in the peripheral face or the distributor.- The grooves All increase in depth from the center of the dis tributor towardits edge and are of such proportion'and small size that the adhesion cl oil ofl'ers an appreciable resistance to the flow of oil over the distributor. The large number of small grooves and the resistance which is ofl'ered by their small size serves to equalize the flow of oil around the periphery of the burner. A plurality of oil feeding holes 43 are formed in the hub portion 39 ot the dis tributor and communicate, at an angle, with the axial bore thereol and with the basin A to distribute the oil evenly into such basin.

Depending from the under side of the distributor 38 and integral with it, are a plurality of downwardly projecting lugs A l, the outer edges of which are shaped to conform to the bevelled shoulder 37 and the bore 36 ct the intermediate member, thus providing a secure seat for the distributor. A section of the bore of the distributor is screwthreadeol, and an-oil teed pipe A5 is fastened in this portion.

Mounted upon and overlying the intermediate member is a hood 46 ot heat-resisting metal provided at its periphery with a dOWD: wardly extending rim t7 and a horizontally disposed lace l8 (Figure 10) adapted to rest upon the corresponding face ot' the intermediate member, The hood is provided with a knob which is axially bored to receive a bolt 51. Concavo-convex'plates 52 and53 are mounted within the hood 4%, and in a position toloverlie the distributor, by means of the boltfil. Spacing collars 5t encircle the bolt 51 and are interposed between the hood and concavo-convex plates, and be tween adjacent plates to hold the assembled structure in spaced relation. p r

A modification of this construction is shown in Figure 12 wherein the dome 55 terminates at its periphery in a downturned flange 56 which, as distinguished from the constructions hereinbefore described, is spaced t'rom the peripheral edge of the intermediate member 32. concave-convex plate 57 is formed with lugs 58 projecting from its convex face such lugs being axially bored and aligned with holes provided in the hood for the reception of bolts 59 which serve to hold plate 57 in position within the hood. Spacing collars 60 encircle the bolts 59 and space a second concavo convex plate 61 within the hood and plate '57. The shanks of bolts 59 are screwthreaded and nuts 62 are provided to hold the structure in assembled position. The concave-convex plate 57 is provided at its periphery with a downwardly I extending flange 63 which engages the periphery of the intermediate member and a flat surface 64 which constitutes the support for the hood structure upon the intermediate member. The flange .63 is spaced a slight distance from the downwardly extending flange 56 of the hood to define an annular opening through which air may pass to circulate between the's aced plates to cool the upper chamber of t' e burner. The plates 57 and 61 are both termed with holes 65 to provide for communication between the air spaces defined by the plates and hood.

The plates 52 and 53, shown in Figure 10, and the spaced plates shown in Figure'12 are preferably, although not necessarily, oil concavo-convex shape to conform to the shape of the overlying hood of the burner. By providing the plates in spaced relation and by positioning them to overlie the distributor carbonization of the oil flowing therefrom is prevented. It is desirable to maintain the upper chamber of the burner relatively cool to prevent preignition of the fuel or its carbonization. In use, however, the flame around the periphery of the burner converges about the convex hood and thereby beats it highly. The provision of spaced plates, such as have heretofore been described,eliminates undesirable heating of the upper chamber of the burner because of the fact that such plates, in themselves, serve as a means to block the heat'radiating from the hood. V

A further modification of my invention is shown in Figure 13 wherein a cap 70, provided with openings or vents 71 and a handle 72, overlies the distributor, of the form hereinbeitore described, and is spaced trom it by an annular-shoulder 7 3 extending inwardlv from the interior surface of the cap or lltl.

hood and resting upon the grooved upper face of the distributor. A flaring skirt 7 A is formed as an integral part ot the hood 70, but such shirt-terminates shortot the periphery of the burner.

Tn operation, oil is forced upwardly through the oil supply pipe and overflows upon the face of the distributor where it is hill till

conveyed by the grooves for even distribution over the conical upper surface oil the intermediate member. Air flowing up throughthe central opening in the intermediate member and aroundthe bottorn'oi the distributor into the upper chamber assists the flow of oil down through the openings in the periphery of the upper chamber. A strong current of air flows through the lower chamber and out between the base and inter "mediate members, being directed by the" chamber, expelling the oil therein through the openings at its periphery. In efiect there is an ejector action.

Ignition of the mixture of oil and air takes place at the outlets of the openings around the burner, and the flame is given a spiral or whirling motion by reason of the positioning of the curved vanes.

Particular advantage is gained by groom ing the face and side flanges of the distributor inasmuch as the oil tends to adhere to the metal side walls of the grooves, and the slower flow occasioned by such adhesion contributes to a more even and constant supply of fuel to the point of combustion. The minor portion of air serves to cool the shield and the distributor.

This application is a continuation in part of my copending application, Serial No. 691,720, filed February 9, 1924:.

What I claim is 1. A liquid fuel burner comprising an upper compartment having openings formed therein adjacent the peripheral edge of the openings, the openings of the upper compartment overlying the openings of the lower compertinent, and means for separately feeding liquid fuel and air to the upper compartment.

2. A liquid fuel burner comprising a base member open at its lower end, a hood overlying said base member, means for supplying oil within said hood, an intermediate plate between said base member and hood, said intermediate plate being formed with an aperture for admitting air between the hood and the plate, a member carried by said intermediate plate to distribute oil thereover and a series of vanes interposed between said base member and intermediate plate, and spacing said base member and intermediate plate apart. I I a 3. A liquid fuel burner comprising a base member open at both ends, an intermediate conical member overlying said base member, a series of curved vanes for spacing said intermediate member from said base member, and a hood adapted to seat upon the peripheral edge of said intermediate member whereby said burner isdivided into upper and lower compartments.

4:. A burner for liquid fuel comprising a base, an intermediate member, and a hood, 2. fuel supply pipe extending'upwardly through openings formed in the base and intermediate member, a distributor cap on the end of 7 said fuel supply pipe, said cap being radially grooved communicating openings in the base and intermediate member of such relative size that the circulation of air through the base member causes a suction above the intermedi ate member.

5. An oil distributor for liquid fuel burners comprising a. cap, an oil supply pipe received in a central opening formed in said neaaeee cap, radial grooves formed in the face of said cap, said grooves being of increasing depth from the central opening in said cap to the outer edge thereof, and peripheral grooves formed in said cap in communication with said radial grooves, said peripheral grooves being of decreasing depth from the point of communication with the said radial grooves.

6. The combination with a liquid fuel burner of a cap, a continuous downwardly extending flange formed on said cap, said flange being interiorly screwthreaded, an externally screwthreaded plug adapted to be received within the flange of said cap, downwardly extending lugs formed on the lower face of said plug for cooperation with the burner structure whereby said cap is sup ported by the burner structure but spaced from it.

7. A fuel burner comprising an upper compartment, means for delivering air and oil thereto, a lower compartment, and means for delivering air thereto, means between the compartments for causing a swirling action burner, a lower compartment having similar 1 sembled to provide upper and lower compartments, the said upper compartment having a plurality of openings therein overlying aseries of openings in said lower compartment, said intermediate member being formed with an undulatory surface adjacent its periphery.

9. A liquid fuel burner comprising a base, an intermediatemember, and ahood assembled to provide upper and lower compartments,

reality of openings therein overlying a series of openings in said lower compartment, an aperture formed in said intermediate member for admitting air to the upper compartment, and means withinsaid hood and in spaced relation therewith for preventing excessive heating of said upper compartment 10. A liquid fuel burner comprising a base, an intermediate member, and a hood assembled to provide upper and lower compartments, the said upper compartment having a. plurality of openings therein overlying a series of openings in said lower compartment, the said intermediate member being formed with an undulatory surface adjacent its periphery, and means within said hood and in spaced relation therewith for preventing excessive heatin of said upper compartment.

11. A liqui fuel burner comprising a base, an intermediate member, and a hood assembled to provide upper and lower compartments, an. oil. distributor in the upper compartment, an oil feed pipe detachably secured thereto, means in said lower compartment for the said upper compartment having a pluneeaaa directing a current of air therethrough at an angle to the periphery of the burner, the said intermediate member being provided with an undulatory surface adjacent its periphery and a plurality of openings in'said surface communicating with the current of air from said lower compartment, and means within said hood and in spaced relation there-with for preventing excessive heating of the upper compartment.

12. A liquid fuel burner comprising a base, a hood overlying said base, and an intermediate member between said base and hood for defining upper and lower compartments in the burner, a distributor for fuel oil in said upper compartment, a series of spaced plates within said hood and overlying said .distributor for preventing excessive heating of the up er compartment.

13.. liquid fuel burner comprising a base, a dome-shaped hood overlying said base, and intermediate member between said base and hood for defining upper and lower compartments in the burner, a distributor for fuel oil in said upper compartment, a series of spaced concavoconvex plates afixed in spaced relation to the inner surface of said hood. and overlying said distributor for preventing excessive heating of the upper compartment.

It. A liquid fuel burner comprising a base, an intermdiate member overlying said base and spaced therefrom to define peripheral openings, said intermediate member being formed with a central 0 ening, the said intermediate member being ormed with openings adjacent its periphery; adistributor for liquid fuel supper above said intermediate member and in all a cut with the opening therein, and a hood sup orted to define a chamber above said distri utor whereby fuel oil flowing therefrom is shielded from the heat of a dame around the periphery of the burner.

15. Aliquid fuel burner comprising a base, a hood, an intermediate member formed with a centrally disposed opening, a fuel supply pipe extending through the opening, and a distributor mounted on the end of the pipe, said distributor comprising a substantially cylindrical cap formed with radially extending grooves in its circular end face increasing in depth from the center to the circumference thereof, and cooperating contiguous grooves formed in the peripheral cylindrical face communicating with the radially extending grooves and decreasing in depth from the upper extremity thereof.

16. A liquid fuel burner comprising an upper member, a lower member, and an intermediate member forming upper and lower spaced compartments, said upper compartment being formed with apertures disposed adjacent the outermost edge of said burner, said lower compartment being formed with openings dis osed adjacent the outermost e go of sai burner, said apertures and openings being of such size as to permit the free circulation of air therethrough, said apertures being disposed over said openings, and means permitting the free access of air to both compartments, whereby circulation of air through the openings in the lower com-' partment will induce a flow of air through the apertures in the upper compartment.

- in testimony whereof, l have hereunto affixed my signature.

OLE B. BlUlERGER, 

